Have you heard about these prescription drug donation and recycling programs? 37 different states currently have programs that allow people or medical facilities to donate unused prescription medications. The medicines are then redistributed to patients who have no health insurance and cannot afford their prescribed medications.

Most drug recycling programs have only been in effect for two years or less, so it’s still a bit too early to know the overall impact these programs might have on health care reform. However, the statistics are looking good. For example, Iowa’s drug recycling program collected over 300,000 dosage units between March and December 2007 – that’s an estimated $292,000 worth of prescription medication. Now, this certainly won’t be the magic answer for health care reform – but it may certainly help. The cost of providing health care to the poor and uninsured is steadily increasing every year. And those costs tend to get passed on to the patients with health insurance – which leaves them with drastic medical expenses. But a program like this could really help out the situation, and provide patients with necessary medications, when they can’t afford them on their own. We encourage you to check with your state health department to learn about any drug recycling programs in your area.

Of course, every state has certain restrictions in place to assure that the donated medicines are pure, safe, and fresh. The individual state regulations vary by state, but these general rules apply to all state drug donation programs:

• All donated medications must not be expired and must have a verified future expiration date

• Controlled substances, as defined by the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) are usually excluded and prohibited from the programs

• A state-licensed pharmacist or pharmacy must be part of the verification and distribution process

• Each patient who receives the donated drug must have a valid prescription form in his or her own name

The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) has a detailed listing of all the individual state drug recycling programs available. We have listed them below, along with some regulations for the programs. Please note: some of these programs may not be available yet, while others may have ceased operations. It’s important to contact your state’s department of health for additional information on prescription drug recycling programs that are available.

Arizona

• What Rx: Only accepts medications in original sealed & tamper-evident unit dose packaging. Rx Board will issue list of un-acceptable products.
• Who can donate: Person, manufacturer or health care institution.
• Who accepts: Pharmacy, hospital, nonprofit clinic that volunteers to participate.
• Donated to: Only state residents who meet eligibility standards set by Board.
• Restrictions: Expiration must be more than 6 months from donation date.  Recipient must sign waiver form about the source and non-liability.

Arkansas

• What Rx: Accepts drugs only in their original sealed and tamper-evident packaging.
• Who can donate: Nursing facility by the clinic pharmacy.
• Who accepts: Charitable clinic pharmacies.
• Donated to: Appropriately screened and qualified indigent patients who are not eligible for Medicaid but cannot afford private health insurance.
• Restrictions: The charitable clinic pharmacy cannot accept controlled substances.  No product of which the integrity cannot be assured is accepted for re-dispensing.

California

• What Rx: Will only accept drugs in their unopened, tamper-evident packaging.
• Who can donate: Licensed health facilities, licensed pharmacies, and drug manufacturers that are legally authorized under federal law to manufacture and sell pharmaceutical drugs.
• Who accepts: Local ordinances established by counties that elect to create such a repository and distribution program.
• Donated to: Persons in need of financial assistance to ensure access to necessary pharmaceutical therapies.
• Restrictions: Must be ensured that drugs received have not been in the possession of any individual member of the public.

Colorado

• What Rx: Only accepts unused cancer drugs or medical devices.
• Who can donate: Cancer patients or the patients’ family.
• Who accepts: Health care facilities, medical clinics or pharmacies that elect to participate in the program.
• Donated to: Eligible health care facilities, medical clinics or pharmacies for use under the program as well as eligible patients.
• Restrictions: Cancer drugs or medical devices needs to be prescribed by a practitioner, as defined in section 12-22-102 (27), C.R.S., for use by an eligible patient and is dispensed by a pharmacist.

Connecticut

• What Rx: Accepts all drug products sealed in individually packaged units.
• Who can donate: Long-term care facilities.
• Who accepts:  Vendor pharmacy or the Department of Social services for drug repackaging and reimbursement.
• Donated to: Eligible patients.
• Restrictions: Prescription drug products that are not controlled substances, sealed in individually packaged units, returned to the vendor pharmacy within the recommended period of shelf life for the purpose of re-dispensing such drug products, determined to be of acceptable integrity by a licensed pharmacist.

Florida

• What Rx: Willl accept only unused cancer drugs or supplies in its original, unopened, sealed and tamper-evident unit dose packaging.
• Who can donate: A person, health care facility, hospital, pharmacy, drug manufacturer, medical device manufacturer or supplier, wholesaler of drugs or supplies, or any other entity may donate.
• Who accepts:  A physician’s office, pharmacy, hospital, hospice, or health care clinic that participates in the program.
• Donated to: Residents, except those Medicaid-eligible or under any other prescription drug program funded in whole or in part by the state are ineligible to participate.
• Restrictions: All drugs submitted to the program will be administered by a pharmacist to determine the drugs and supplies are not adulterated or misbranded. Additionally a cancer drug may not be accepted or dispensed under the program if such drug bears an expiration date that is less than six months after the date the drug was donated.

Georgia

• What Rx: Accepts unused prescription drugs, but not those defined as controlled substances.
• Who can donate: Any person, including a drug manufacturer or any health care facility, may donate prescription drugs to the drug repository program.
• Who accepts: Any pharmacy, hospital, or nonprofit clinic that elects to participate in the drug repository program and meets criteria for participation in the program.
• Donated to: Medically indigent persons who are residents of Georgia.
• Restrictions: Only drugs in their original sealed and tamper-evident unit dose packaging may be accepted and dispensed. The packaging must be unopened, except that drugs packaged in single unit doses may be accepted and dispensed when the outside packaging is opened if the single unit dose packaging is undisturbed. Drugs donated by individuals must have an expiration date that is more than six months from the date the drug is donated.

Hawaii

• What Rx: Prescription drugs previously dispensed or distributed by a pharmacy for administration to patients in an institutional facility by personnel of the institutional facility may be returned to the pharmacist.
• Who can donate: Patients or personnel of an institutional facility with unused drugs.
• Who accepts: Institutional facilities or repositories of the state of Hawaii.
• Donated to: Pharmacists.
• Restrictions: The prescription drugs should be returned only to the original dispensing pharmacy. Also, prescription drugs from individual members of the public are not accepted for reuse.

Indiana

• What Rx: Unused medications.
• Who can donate: Health facilities with unused drugs.
• Who accepts: Pharmacy or pharmacist who initially dispensed the medication.Donated to: Pharmacists, hospitals, health care facilities or practitioners.
• Restrictions: Requires the office of Medicaid policy and planning (office) to review the process of returning unused medication.

Iowa

• What Rx: Prescription drugs and supplies.
• Who can donate: Any person may donate prescription drugs and supplies.
• Who accepts: Medical facilities or pharmacies that elect to participate in the program and meet the requirements established by the department. Donated to: Drugs may be donated to individuals or may be distributed to another eligible medical facility or pharmacy for use.
• Restrictions: Must be inspected to assure the prescription drug or supplies have not been adulterated or misbranded. The drug must be in its original sealed and tamper-evident packaging.

Kansas

• What Rx: Unused medications; excludes controlled substances.
• Who can donate: Residents of adult care homes and donating entities that volunteer to participate in the program.
• Who accepts: A qualifying center or clinic in consultation with a pharmacist.
• Donated to: Medically indigent residents of Kansas.
• Restrictions: The medications must come from a controlled storage unit of a donating entity and be in its original packaging or tamper-evident packaging. Drugs purchased under Medicaid or SCHIP do not apply.

Kentucky

• What Rx: Prescription “Legend” drugs or supplies needed to administer such drugs.
• Who can donate: Health facilities and pharmacies.
• Who accepts: Donations can be made on the premises of a health facility or pharmacy that elects to participate in the program and meets requirements specified by the cabinet by an administrative regulation promulgated by the cabinet.
• Donated to: Individuals who meet the eligibility criteria specified by an administrative regulation promulgated by the cabinet or eligible health facility or pharmacy for use under the program.
• Restrictions: The legend drug cannot be classified as a controlled substance. Upon inspection, the  drug must be in its original, unopened, sealed, and tamper-evident unit dose packaging. In addition, the legend drug or supplies must be prescribed by a physician, advanced registered nurse practitioner, or physician assistant and dispensed by a pharmacist.

Louisiana (2 programs)

• What Rx: Prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: Any person, including a drug manufacturer, hospital, health care facility, or governmental entity.
• Who accepts: Charitable pharmacies.
• Donated to: Appropriately screened and qualified patients.
• Restrictions: Drugs must be in their original sealed and tamper-evident packaging. In addition, donor shall execute a form stating the donation of the drugs. The pharmacy should retain that form along with other acquisition records.

• What Rx: Unused portions of or surplus prescription drugs that are within the expiration date.
• Who can donate: A hospital, health care facility, or governmental entity enrolled in the Medicaid program.
• Who accepts: Charitable pharmacies.
• Donated to: Medically indigent residents of Louisiana.
• Restrictions: Drugs must be in their original sealed and tamper-evident packaging. Pharmacists of the charitable pharmacies should determine if the drug is not adulterated or misbranded and is safe to dispense.

Maine

• What Rx: Unused prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: Drug manufacturers, drug wholesale or terminal distributors, hospitals, health clinics, federally qualified health centers, Indian health centers and rural health centers and assisted living facilities licensed by the department.
• Who accepts: Pharmacies, hospitals, health clinics and federally qualified health centers, Indian health centers and rural health centers. Donated to: Qualified residents of Maine, which include family income below 350% of the federal non-farm income official poverty level and not receiving benefits from Mainecare.
• Restrictions: The program will only accept prescription drugs that are unopened and packaged in tamper-evident unit dose packages or that are unopened injectable, aerosol or topical medications.

Maryland

• What Rx: Prescription drugs or medical supplies.
• Who can donate: Any person.
• Who accepts: Certain drop-off sites which meets specified criteria, a repository, the board and pharmacists.
• Donated to: A needy patient who is a resident of Maryland.
• Restrictions: The drugs must be packaged in tamper-evident unit dose packaging and unadulterated. The donor must sign a statement that indicates the donor is the owner of the drugs and are voluntarily offering them to the program.

Massachusetts

• What Rx: Unused medications.
• Who can donate: Residents or consultant pharmacist in a health care facility.
• Who accepts: Health care facilities.
• Donated to: Eligible residents of Massachusetts.
• Restrictions: The donated medication should be sealed in unopened, individually packaged units and within the recommended period of shelf life. Excluded are schedule I or II controlled substances as defined in MA chapter ninety-four C.

Minnesota

• What Rx: Cancer drugs or supplies.
• Who can donate: A pharmacy, medical facility, drug manufacturer, or wholesale drug distributor, can donate if the donated drugs have not been previously dispensed. In addition, any individual over the age of 18 may donate.
• Who accepts: Pharmacies or medical facilities on the premises that volunteer to participate in the program. The medical facilities or pharmacies need to be licensed and in compliance with all applicable federal and state laws and administrative rules.
• Donated to: Any Minnesota resident who is diagnosed with cancer is eligible to receive drugs or supplies. The drugs will be distributed upon a priority base.
• Restrictions: Drugs must be in its original, unopened, tamper-evident unit dose packaging and not adulterated or misbranded. The donation must also be accompanied by a cancer drug repository donor form that is signed by the person making the donation or that person’s authorized representative.

Mississippi

• What Rx: Prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: The State Board of Pharmacy; the State Department of Health; the Division of Medicaid; any person, including a drug manufacturer, or health care facility or government entity.
• Who accepts: Any pharmacy, hospital, nonprofit clinic or health care professional.
• Donated to: Individuals who meet the eligibility standards or to other government entities and nonprofit private entities to be dispensed to individuals who meet the eligibility standards.
• Restrictions: Only drugs in their original sealed and tamper-evident packaging may be accepted and dispensed.

Missouri (2 programs)

• What Rx: Sealed and unopened prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: Any person or entity may donate prescription drugs.
• Who accepts: Any pharmacy, hospital, or non-profit clinic that elects to participate in the program.
• Donated to: Eligible Missouri residents.
• Restrictions: Prescription drugs must be in their original sealed and tamper-evident unit dose packaging. Prescription drugs donated by individuals should bear the manufacturer’s lot number and an expiration date that is more than six months from the date the prescription drug is donated.

• What Rx: Prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: Any person, including but not limited to a prescription drug manufacturer or health care facility, may donate prescription drugs to the prescription drug repository program.
• Who accepts: Any pharmacy, hospital, or nonprofit clinic that elects to participate in the prescription drug repository program and meets the criteria for participation established by rule of the department pursuant to section 196.984.
• Donated to: People who are residents of Missouri and who meet the eligibility requirements of the program, or to other governmental entities and nonprofit private entities to be dispensed to persons who meet the eligibility requirements of the program.

Montana

• What Rx: Unused prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: Long-term care facilities.
• Who accepts: Provisional community pharmacies.
• Donated to: Qualified patients for transfer free of charge or at a reduced charge to those individuals.
• Restrictions: Drugs defined as a dangerous drug or a drug designated as a precursor to a controlled substance cannot be accepted.

Nebraska

• What Rx: Cancer drugs.
• Who can donate: Any person or entity, including, but not limited to, a cancer drug manufacturer or health care facility.
• Who accepts: Any physician’s office, pharmacy, hospital, or health clinic that elects to participate in the program and meets criteria established by the department for such participation.
• Donated to: Eligible Nebraska residents.
• Restrictions: The drug needs to be in its original, unopened, sealed, and tamper-evident unit dose packaging, except that a cancer drug packaged in single unit doses may be accepted and dispensed if the outside packaging is opened but the single-unit-dose packaging is unopened.

Nevada

• What Rx: Prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: A public or private mental health facility may return a prescription drug that is dispensed to a patient of the facility, but will not be used by that patient.
• Who accepts: A dispensing pharmacy.
• Donated to: The drug will be used to fill other prescriptions for patients in the pharmacy facility.
• Restrictions: The drug cannot be a schedule II drug specified in or pursuant to chapter 453 of NRS. The drug must be dispensed in a unit dose, in individually sealed doses or in a bottle that is sealed by the manufacturer of the drug.

New Jersey

• What Rx: Prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: Unopened, unexpired prescription drugs dispensed to, but not used by, a patient within a licensed health care facility, may be reused at the facility in accordance with regulations issued by the State Board of Pharmacy.
• Restrictions: Must be unopened and unexpired.

New Mexico

• What Rx: Unused medication
• Who can donate: a corrections facility that has a registered or licensed nurse.
• Who accepts: a pharmacy operated by, or under contract with, the Corrections Department .
• Restrictions:  product has not been altered, defaced or tampered with and include the identity, strength, expiration date and lot number of the prescription drug; and the prescription drug was dispensed in a unit-dose package or unit-of-issue package.

New York

• What Rx: Unused medication.
• Who can donate: A resident or consultant pharmacist or his designee in a residential health care facility.
• Who accepts: The pharmacy  from which the medication was purchased.
• Donated to: Eligible New York residents.
• Restrictions: The medication must be unopened in the original manufacturer’s packaging and must be in tamper evident packaging.

North Dakota

• What Rx: Legend drugs, devices, or supplies.
• Who can donate: Any person or entity.
• Who accepts: Practitioners or pharmacies that meets the criteria established for participation in the program.
• Donated to: Eligible patients.
• Restrictions: A drug donated, prescribed, or dispensed under the program must be in the original, unopened, sealed, and tamper-evident unit dose packaging, except a drug packaged in single-unit doses may be accepted and dispensed if the outside packaging has been opened and the single-unit-dose package is unopened.

Ohio

• What Rx: Prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: Any person, including a drug manufacturer or health care facility.
• Who accepts: Any pharmacy, hospital, or nonprofit clinic that has elected to participate in the program and meets certain eligibility requirements established in rules adopted by the Board.
• Donated to: Individuals with a prescription issued by a health care professional authorized to prescribe drugs.
• Restrictions: Drugs must be in their original sealed and tamper-evident unit dose packaging.

Oklahoma

• What Rx: Unused prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: Drugs may be transferred from residential care homes, nursing facilities, assisted living centers, public intermediate care facilities for people with mental retardation (ICF/MR) or pharmaceutical manufacturers.
• Who accepts: Any pharmacies operated by a county, pharmacy operated by a city-county health department or a pharmacy under contract with a city-county health department, a pharmacy operated by the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services or a charitable clinic for the purpose of distributing the unused prescription medications.
• Donated to: Oklahoma residents who are medically indigent.
• Restrictions: Prescription drugs defined as controlled substances will not be accepted.

Pennsylvania

• What Rx: Unused cancer drugs
• Who can donate: health care facility, health clinic, hospital, pharmacy or physician’s office.
• Who accepts: Authorized participating pharmacies, designated by the Cancer Drug Repository Program of the State Board of Pharmacy.
• Donated to: Needy residents, as dedfined in “Income eligibility criteria and other standards and procedures for individuals participating in the program, determined by the Department of Public Welfare and the Pharmacy Board.
• Restrictions:  Unit dose medication must be maintained by a health care facility, health clinic, hospital, pharmacy or physician’s office rather than an individual patient, as “part of a closed drug delivery system.” Expiration date must be at least six months in the future. A pharmacy ”may charge a handling fee”, to be determined by the Board of Pharmacy. Regulations to be drafted within 90days of effective date.

Rhode Island

• What Rx: Unused prescription medication.
• Who can donate: Nursing homes, assisted living centers and prescription drug manufacturers.
• Who accepts: Authorized participating pharmacies.
• Donated to: Medically indigent Rhode Island residents.
• Restrictions: The packaging of the medication should not be opened, except cancer drugs packaged in single-unit doses.

South Dakota

• What Rx: Unused unit dose drugs.
• Who can donate: Patients in hospice programs, nursing facilities, or assisted living facilities.
• Who accepts: Hospice programs, nursing facilities, or assisted living facilities.
• Donated to: Eligible patients.
• Restrictions: The drugs are provided in the manufacturer’s unit dose packaging or are repackaged by the pharmacy in a hermetically sealed single unit dose container.

Tennessee

• What Rx: Unused prescription medications; controlled substances are excluded.
• Who can donate: Nursing homes or hospice services programs.
• Who accepts: Charitable clinic pharmacies.
• Donated to: Tennessee residents who are indigent.
• Restrictions: Drugs only in their original sealed and tamper-evident packaging should be accepted.

Texas

• What Rx: Unused drugs; controlled substances are excluded.
• Who can donate: A pharmacist who practices in or serves as a consultant for a health care facility or a licensed health care professional responsible for administration of drugs in a penal institution.
• Who accepts: Pharmacies.
• Donated to: Eligible patients.
• Restrictions: Drugs must be sealed in unopened tamper-evident packaging and either individually packaged or packaged in unit-dose packaging.

Utah

• What Rx: Unused drugs.
• Who can donate: A pharmacist may accept back and redistribute any unused drug, or a part of it, after it has left the premises of the pharmacy.
• Restrictions: The drug must have been prescribed to a patient in a nursing care facility, an ICFMR, or state prison facility, county jail, or state hospital; the drug must have been stored under the supervision of a licensed health care provider according to manufacturer recommendations; the drug should be in a unit pack or in the manufacturer’s sealed container; the drug should have been returned to the original dispensing pharmacy; the drug should have initially dispensed by a licensed pharmacist or licensed pharmacy intern; and back and redistribution of the drug complies with Federal Food and Drug Administration and Drug Enforcement Administration regulations.

Vermont

• What Rx: Any unsold or unused prescription drugs and medical supplies that the facility or distributor cannot sell or otherwise use.
• Who can donate: Any health care facility and wholesale drug distributor.
• Who accepts: Any participating pharmacy, hospital, or nonprofit clinic.
• Donated to: Vermont residents who meet the eligibility standards.
• Restrictions: Drugs or medical supplies must be in their original sealed and tamper-evident unit dose packaging to be accepted and dispensed, except for drugs packaged in single unit doses when the outside packaging is opened if the single unit dose packaging is undisturbed.  The board of pharmacy shall allow donation of only those drugs bearing an expiration date that is less than six months beyond the date the drug is donated and shall allow drugs to be dispensed only when the expiration date is more than one month from the date of dispensing.

Virginia

• What Rx: Prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: Hospitals are authorized to donate drugs that were originally dispensed to hospital patients, but have been returned.
• Who accepts: Pharmacies.  May be redispensed by clinics (2005) and hositals (as of 2009 law)
• Donated to: Indigent patients, without charge.
• Restrictions: The pharmacist-in-charge at the pharmacy shall be responsible for determining the suitability of the product for re-dispensing. A re-dispensed prescription shall not be assigned an expiration date beyond the expiration date or beyond-use date on the label from the first dispensing and no product shall be re-dispensed more than one time. No product shall be accepted for re-dispensing by the pharmacist where integrity cannot be assured.

Wisconsin (2 programs)

• What Rx: Prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: State prison pharmacies.
• Who accepts: State prison pharmacies.
• Donated to: Any patients in any state prison.
• Restrictions: The prescription drug should never have been  in the possession of the patient to whom it was originally prescribed. The prescription drug is returned in its original container. A pharmacist determines that the prescription drug has not been adulterated or misbranded.

• What Rx: Cancer drugs or supplies.
• Who can donate: Any person or entity.
• Who accepts: Medical facilities or pharmacies that elects to participate in the program and meets requirements specified by rule by the department.
• Donated to: Individuals who meets eligibility criteria or to another eligible medical facility or pharmacy for use under the program.
• Restrictions: The cancer drug or supplies needed to administer a cancer drug must be in its original, unopened, sealed, and tamper-evident unit dose packaging or, if packaged in single-unit doses, the single-unit-dose packaging must be unopened.

Wyoming

• What Rx: Prescription drugs.
• Who can donate: Any person or entity, including but not limited to a drug manufacturer, physician or health care facility.
• Who accepts: Any physician’s office, a pharmacy or health care facility that elects to participate in the program and meets criteria established by the department.
• Donated to: Wyoming residents.
• Restrictions: Drugs shall be accepted or dispensed under the drug donation program only if they are in their original, unopened, sealed packaging or, if the outside packaging is opened, the contents are single unit doses that are individually contained in unopened, tamper evident packaging.

via National Conference of State Legislatures: State Prescription Drug Return, Reuse and Reclycling Laws